How should an assessment be designed to measure both content knowledge and language development for ELLs?

How should an assessment be designed to measure both content knowledge and language development for ELLs?

• A. Use standardized, language-free exams only.
• B. Deliver only multiple-choice questions for assessment.
• C. Rely on informal impressions without defined criteria.
• D. Use performance-based tasks requiring explanation and justification, with rubrics assessing accuracy, reasoning, and targeted language features.

Answer: (D)